Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹date/time›
‹footer›
‹#›
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/master03.xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/preview.wmf
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/x-wmf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------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/pres.xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0001.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AS A LEGAL
PERSON
David J. Calverley J.D.
Research Fellow, C=
enter
for Law Science and Technology
College of Law, &#=
13;
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ USA
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0002.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Law as a
Normative System
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Socially
constructed
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Intensely
practical
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• System of=
rules
and institutions
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Guide and=
govern
human action
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0003.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Why do =
we
care?
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Design of
non-biological system
•
• Do they i=
mplicate
what we now call human values?
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Legal per=
son
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0004.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Legal P=
erson
• Law assumes humans are practical reasoners
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Action ba=
sed on
desires and beliefs
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.39%'>• Different=
from
‘constitutional person’
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0005.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Folk Psychology
• Law employs the folk psychology model of human
action
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0006.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Intentionality
•
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
•
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.81%'>• Law ̵=
1;
action directed by desire and belief
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
•
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Fully con=
trolled
by the actor
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0007.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Intentionality
• Folk Psychology R=
11;
intention is action directed
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Based on =
desire
and belief
• Coupled w=
ith
skill to perform and awareness that the action is being <=
/span>performed
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0013.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
AUTONOMY
&#=
8226; Variety
of definitions
&#=
8226; Key
concept in bioethics – principalism
&#=
8226; Other
meanings
&=
#8211; Software
&=
#8211; Systems
&=
#8211; A-life
R=
11;
R=
11;
•
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0014.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
AUTONOMY
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Frankfurt=
• - second order desires /
volitions
•
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Dennett&#=
8217;s
dog
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/slide0015.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
HOW DOES=
IT
FIT TOGETHER?
• Can we create a working hypothesis?
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Humans, persons and property
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Humans &#=
8211;
homo sapiens
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Persons &=
#8211;
legal creations
• Property =
–
created by persons through their action or thoughts - Locke
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Person as legal creation
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Cluster
concept
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Need not =
be
biological
• Corporati=
ons,
other non-biological forms such as partnerships, LLC, and so
on
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Corporati=
on can
have intentionality
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Corporati=
ons can
have autonomy
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Legal Person
• Functional intention=
ality
is probably enough
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.85%'>• Autonomy =
seems to
be more problematic
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Potential Problems
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>• Question =
of
slavery
• Based on =
the idea
that the slave is property
• seems to have been s=
olely
a matter of positive law – but has moral dimension
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
Conclusion
• Intentionality, in
conjunction with other factors such as autonomy, probably c=
an save
the non-biological machine from being viewed as property&=
#13; • Purely fu=
nctional
analysis based on the premise of common sense
functionalism
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.02%'>• Awareness=
of
limitations of the analysis
•
numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}
function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) ||
(event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) )
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 1;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram=
es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D15, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_=
HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var g_fBaseHyperlink =3D false;
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0006.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0015.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.htm",1,-1,1));
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
{
var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i;
return href.replace(regExp, "")
}
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
=09
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref=
))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref)
=09
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln('' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr=
row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;
if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {
ShowMenu()
return false
} else
HideMenu()
}
function BuildMenu()
{
if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return
var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )
mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"
mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"
var s=3DmObj.style
s.position=3D"absolute"
s.cursor=3D"default"
s.width=3D"120px"
SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")
var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )
SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )
iObj.style.padding=3D2
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )
=09
CreateSeparator( iObj )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )
mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
}
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa=
lue=3Dfalse }
function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") }
function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") }
function Perform()
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() )
e.Action()
else
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function ChangeClr( bg,clr )
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) {
e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg
e.style.color=3Dclr
}
}
function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) }
function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() }
function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();=
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() }
function M_True() { return true }
function M_End() { window.close( self ) }
function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval )
{
var e=3DCreateItem( node )
e.type=3D"menuitem"
e.Action=3Daction
e.IsActive=3Deval
e.innerHTML=3Dtext
if( !e.IsActive() )
e.style.color=3D"threedshadow"
e.onclick=3DPerform
e.onmouseover=3DHighlight
e.onmouseout=3DDeselect
s=3De.style;
s.fontFamily=3DsFont
s.fontSize=3D"9pt"
s.paddingLeft=3D2
}
function CreateSeparator( node )
{
var sObj=3DCreateItem( node )
SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu")
var s=3DsObj.style
s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow"
s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight"
s.height=3D1
s.fontSize=3D"0px"
}
function CreateItem( node )
{
var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV")
node.insertBefore( elem )
return elem
}
function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr )
{
var s=3Do.style
s.backgroundColor=3D"menu"
s.borderStyle=3D"solid"
s.borderWidth=3D1
s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr
}
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/fullscreen.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/buttons.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/frame.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Additional thoughts Concerning the Legal Status of a Non-biological
Machine
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/outline.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
No=
tes
1
David J. Calverley J.D=
.Research Fellow, Center for Law Science and Technology
College of Law,
Arizona State Universi=
tyTempe, AZ USA
2
Socially constructed
Intensely practical
System of rules and institutions
Guide and govern human action
3
Design of non-biological system
Human equivalent in terms of its actions
Do they implicate what we now call human values?
Legal person
4
Law assumes humans are practical reasoners
Action based on desires and beliefs
Different from ‘constitutional person’
5
Law employs the folk psychology model of human action
6
Philosophical sense – about something
Law – action directed by desire and belief
Fully controlled by the actor
7
Folk Psychology – intention is action directed
Based on desire and belief
Coupled with skill to perform and awareness that the action is being
performed
8
Variety of definitions
Key concept in bioethics – principalism
Other meanings
9
Frankfurt
- second order desires / volitions
Dennett’s dog
10
Can we create a working hypothesis?
11
Humans – homo sapiens
Persons – legal creations
Property – created by persons through their action or thoughts=
-
Locke
12
Cluster concept
Need not be biological
Corporations, other non-biological forms such as partnerships, LLC, =
and
so on
Corporation can have intentionality
Corporations can have autonomy
13
Functional intentionality is probably enough
Autonomy seems to be more problematic
14
Question of slavery
Based on the idea that the slave is property
seems to have been solely a matter of positive law – but has m=
oral
dimension
15
Intentionality, in conjunction with other factors such as autonomy,
probably can save the non-biological machine from being viewed as
property
Purely functional analysis based on the premise of common sense
functionalism
Awareness of limitations of the analysis
More work needed to define “person”
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0
Content-Location: file:///C:/5A69C636/DavidCalverleyPresentationDecemberl2006_files/filelist.xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
------=_NextPart_01C7179B.3C6EE9E0--
![](3D"notes_flag.gif")
No=
tes![](3D"buttons.gif")
